Actinobaculum schaalii is recognized as a facultative anaerobic uropathogen. Development of polymerase chain reaction for actinobaculum. Now with full color images throughout, this comprehensive and authoritative. Since 1999, actinobaculum schaalii is routinely investigated at our hospital, whenever its presence is suspected due to the detection of minute grey colonies on blood agar. Actinobaculum is a recently described genus, of which actinobaculum suis is the type species. Actinobaculum schaalii is a grampositive bacillus that was described for the first time in 1997. Actinobaculum suis detection using polymerase chain.
We report 12 patients with actinobaculum bacteremia. Oct 26, 2011 actinobaculum schaalii is a grampositive, facultative anaerobic coccoid rod, classified as a new genus in 1997. Comparative 16s rrna gene sequencing showed that the unknown bacterium exhibits a specific phylogenetic association with the genus actinobaculum, but a sequence. Actinobaculum is a genus of grampositive nonsporulating rods in the family actinomycetaceae. Actinobaculum schaalii is an emerging pathogen particularly involved in urinary tract infection of elderly people andor patient with urological risk factors of urinary tract infection. Today, actinobaculum suis, formerly known as corynebacterium suis and then as eubacterium suis. Mics of amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, vancomycin, clindamycin, linezolid, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, cotrimoxazole, nitrofurantoin and metronidazole were determined using the etest method. The etiologic agent, actinobacillus suis, is only now being studied in detail. It is difficult to identify in urine with typical microbiology laboratory techniques, as it grows slowly and cannot be definitely identified using standard. Actinobaculum massiliense strain fc3 was isolated from the urine of a patient with acute cystitis. Common name i synonym i other names i corynebacterium suis soltys and spratling 1957 atcc 33144 actinobaculum suis wegienek and reddy 1982 lawson et al. Characteristic, actinotignum sanguinis, actinotignum schaalii, actinotignum urinale, actinobaculum suis. Schaalii, a german microbiologist specializing in actinomycete microbiology. Actinobacillus suis, characterized by biochemical properties, has been associated with infection of horses kim et al 1976, harbourne et al 1978, carman and hodges 1982, jang et al 1987, and septicemia in foals nelson et al 1996.
Each isolate was identified by 16s rrna sequencing. Complete genome sequencing of the emerging uropathogen actinobaculum schaalii indicates that an important mechanism of its virulence is attachment pili, which allow the organism to adhere to the surface of animal cells, greatly enhancing the. Actinotignum schaalii formerly actinobaculum schaalii. Actinobaculum schaalii invasive pathogen or innocent. Corynebacterium suis soltys and spratling 1957 atcc 33144 actinobaculum suis wegienek and reddy 1982 lawson et al. Characterization of some actinomyceslike isolates from human clinical specimens. Actinobaculum massiliae, a new species causing chronic. Actinobaculum was isolated from urine only after prolonged incubation in 5% co2 after discrepancy between urine gram stain and initial culture results was observed. Phenotypic, molecular and genomic characterization of. This microorganism is a difficulttodiagnose pathogen and is rarely involved in systemic or deep infections. Actinomyces and related organisms in human infections.
In vitro susceptibility of actinobaculum schaalii to 12. It is a grampositive, facultative anaerobic coccoid rod, considered a human pathogen references. Actinomycetaceae are a family of bacteria including numerous parasitic and pathogenic forms. Actinobaculum suis is one of the main agents involved in porcine urinary tract infection all brazilian a. Actinobaculum schaalii in human urine and found pcr to. Actinobaculum schaalii, a new cause of knee prosthetic. This name became validly published when it appeared on validation list no. Information about the openaccess article actinobaculum suis detection using polymerase chain reaction in doaj. Due to its fastidious growth characteristics, the isolation of this anaerobic bacterium is difficult, thus. Due to its fastidious growth characteristics, the isolation. The genus actinotignum contains three species, actinotignum schaalii formerly actinobaculum schaalii, actinotignum urinale and actinotignum sanguinis. Pdf actinobaculum suis detection using polymerase chain. Actinobaculum schaalii can cause urinary tract infections and septicemia but is difficult to identify by cultivation. Pdf we report on a new actinobaculum species, actinobaculum massiliae, isolated from the.
List of bacteria and similar organisms presenting at the. It is a grampositive, facultative anaerobic coccoid rod, considered a human pathogen. Only 40% of blood cultures were clinically considered significant by the treating physicians, but most patients were treated for uti, suggesting a possible urinary source of bacteremia. Systemic infections with bacteria such as trueperella pyogenes can cause abscesses in the kidneys which subsequently give rise to ureter infections and cystitis. It is a gramnegative, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide nadindependent, nonmotile coccobacillus. Actinobaculum images partners infectious disease images. This new edition has been completely revised to include the latest information, developments, and research in the field. Actinobaculum, which is phylogenetically related to actinomyces, was initially described by lawson et al. Endocarditis caused by actinobaculum schaalii, austria. On 16s rrna sequencing, the marseille isolate shared 95% homology with actinobaculum suis, 92 to 93% homology with actinobaculum schaalii, 91. Nov 11, 2015 the genus actinotignum contains three species, actinotignum schaalii formerly actinobaculum schaalii, actinotignum urinale and actinotignum sanguinis. The genus actinobaculum was first described in 1997, when it was separated from actinomyces 1, 2.
Development of polymerase chain reaction for actinobaculum suis detection and phenotypic and genotypic characterization of isolates. Actinobaculum schaalii invasive pathogen or innocent bystander. Due to its fastidious growth characteristics, the isolation of this anaerobic bacterium is difficult, thus impairing the estimation of its prevalence. Its phenotypic pattern was similar to those of both of the other actinobaculum species described to date. Actinobaculum species are anaerobic grampositive rods that have previously been associated with urinary tract infection uti in the elderly. Actinobaculum suis is an important agent related to urinary infection in swine females. Dec 17, 2015 actinobaculum schaalii is an emerging pathogen particularly involved in urinary tract infection of elderly people andor patient with urological risk factors of urinary tract infection. Pdf characterization of some actinomyceslike isolates. Actinotignum urinale, actinotignum sanguinis and actinotignumschaalii. Actinobaculum schaalii is a grampositive, facultative anaerobic, nonmotile coccoid rod, classified as a new genus in 1997. Actinotignum schaalii formerly known as actinobaculum schaalii is a bacterium first isolated from human blood cultures. Here, we report the first case of prosthetic joint infection due to a. Pdf actinobaculum suis is an important agent related to urinary infection in.
In may 2009, a 52yearold man was hospitalized with middle cerebral artery stroke and fever of unknown origin. The prevalence of actinobaculum species in urinary tract infections is underestimated since it is not isolated by routine urine culture procedures. Actinobaculum schaalii was first described in 1997 and named after klaus p. Reclassification of actinomyces suis soltys and spratling as actinobaculum suis comb. Actinobaculum suis detection using polymerase chain reaction. Comparative 16s rrna gene sequencing showed that the unknown bacterium exhibits a specific phylogenetic association with the genus actinobaculum, but a sequence divergence of 5 % from the two currently recognized members of this genus, actinobaculum schaalii and actinobaculum suis, demonstrates that it represents a distinct species. Actinobaculum schaalii is a small grampositive coccoid rod that requires co 2 for optimal growth. With the introduction of advanced molecular methods, knowledge about. In 1997, it was reclassified from the genus actinomyces.
Routine urine samples were obtained from 177 hospitalized patients and 75 outpatients in viborg county, denmark, in 20082009. Based on its biochemical characteristics, the unidentified bacterium did not correspond to any currently described actinomyces species or related taxa. The authors proposed a reclassification of actinomyces suis as actinobaculum suis type species and further described a new species from five clinical isolates two blood cultures and three urine samples, actinobaculum schaalii. Provides a fully revised eleventh edition of the definitive reference to swine health and disease diseases of swine has been the definitive reference on swine health and disease for over 60 years. It grows slowly and therefore is easily overgrown by other pathogens, which are often found concomitantly. Actinobaculum schaalii, a common uropathogen in elderly. We report on a new actinobaculum species, actinobaculum massiliae, isolated from the urine of an elderly woman with recurrent cystitis. Actinobaculum suis nest decrit quen medecine veterinaire, a. Other species described in the same genus include actinobaculum suis, actinobaculum urinale and actinobaculum massiliense. Their detection and identification in clinical microbiology laboratories and recognition as pathogens in clinical settings can be challenging. Actinotignum formerly known as actinobaculum is a genus in the phylum actinobacteria. A hitherto undescribed actinomyceslike bacterium was isolated from human urine. They classified the human strains in a new species called. The actinobaculum genus is composed of small, anaerobe, rodshaped grampositive bacteria related with urinary tract infections in humans and sows.
Actinobaculum suis is a grampositive anaerobic rod bacterium involved in serious forms of urinary infection in gilt swine that result in hematuria, cystitis, and pyelonephritis, which can cause animal death. Additional patients were diagnosed using this method. Upon validation, this name was corrected from actinobaculum massiliae sic to actinobaculum massiliense. The purpose of this study was to develop and test a polymerase chain reaction pcr for the detection and identification of a. During the past 3 decades, a large number of novel actinomyces species have been described. Pdf actinobaculum massiliae, a new species causing chronic. Urosepsis with actinobaculum schaalii and aerococcus urinae. Study actinobaculum suis and trueperella pyogenes flashcards from s bs class online, or in brainscapes iphone or android app. He had a complicated medical history of middle cerebral artery stroke and mechanical valve replacement of the aortic valve 2 years earlier and gastricduodenal angiodysplasia. In vitro sensitivity of hungarian actinobaculum suis strains to selected antimicrobials. Clinical and microbiological features of actinotignum bacteremia. In vitro susceptibility of actinobaculum schaalii to 12 antimicrobial agents and molecular analysis of.
The former name actinobaculum derives from greek noun. The species actinobaculum massiliense was originally described by greub and raoult 2002. Actinobaculum schaalii, a new cause of knee prosthetic joint. Actinomyces israelii has long been recognized as a causative agent of actinomycosis. Apr 09, 2012 actinobaculum schaalii is a small grampositive coccoid rod that requires co 2 for optimal growth. Sow infection occurs through contact with a contaminated environment or through natural mating with carrier boars. Urinary tract infection caused by actinobaculum schaalii. Dec 30, 2012 actinobaculum suis is a grampositive anaerobic rod bacterium involved in serious forms of urinary infection in gilt swine that result in hematuria, cystitis, and pyelonephritis, which can cause animal death. This bacterium was classified as a new genus in 1997 but is often overlooked or considered a contaminant because of both its resemblance to the normal bacterial flora on skin and mucosa and the overgrowth of other bacteria. The purpose of this study was to develop the polymerase chain reaction pcr for actinobaculum suis detection, to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of this technique and compare the results with. Actinobaculum actinobaculum schaalii 2 actinobaculum suis 2 pv old name actinomyces suis old name eubacterium suis actinobaculum urinale 2.
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